Legal Canadian Smoking Age by Province and Territory

Lawful Canadian Smoking Age by Province and Territory The lawful smoking age in Canada is the age at which an individual is permitted to purchase tobacco items, including cigarettes. The legitimate smoking age in Canada is set by every area and domain in Canada. Purchasing tobacco is part pretty much uniformly between age 18 and age 19 across Canadas areas and domains: Lawful Smoking Age in the Provinces and Territories of Canadaâ Alberta - 18British Columbia - 19Manitoba - 18New Brunswick - 19Newfoundland and Labrador - 19Northwest Territories - 18Nova Scotia - 19Nunavut - 18Ontario - 19Prince Edward Island - 19Quebec - 18Saskatchewan - 18Yukon Territory - 18 Selling tobacco is firmly managed in many regions. In Ontario, for example, the vender, whose age isn't managed, must demand recognizable proof from any individual who seems, by all accounts, to be more youthful than 25 years of age, and the dealer must establish that the imminent purchaser is at any rate 19 years of age before offering tobacco items to that individual. Smoking Is Banned in Indoor Public Spaces Starting at 2010, all regions and territories and the government have authorized moderately reliable enactment restricting open smoking in their locales. The enactment bans smoking in indoor open spaces and work environments, for example, cafés, bars, and gambling clubs. The governments boycott applies to bureaucratic work environments and to governmentally controlled organizations, for example, air terminals. There is developing help for raising the base lawful smoking age to 21â across the nation to make access to tobacco increasingly troublesome and pack down tobacco-related sickness and deaths. About 37,000 individuals pass on in Canada consistently from a smoking-related ailment. The Movement to Raise Legal Smoking Age to 21 The central government recommended in mid 2017 moving the lawful smoking age to 21. Theâ idea of raising the base smoking age was advanced in a Health Canada paper considering approaches to arrive at a 5 percent national smoking rate by 2035. In 2017, it remained at 13 percent. The central government is apparently not precluding the chance of raising the base smoking age to 21. The expectation is attempt to lessen the quantity of youngsters getting the propensity. Government Health Minister Jane Philpott said, It’s time to test existing known limits. What are those following stages? We’ve put out some intense thoughts, things like raising the period of access. Things like placing limitations as far as multiperson residences. We need to hear what Canadians think about those [ideas].† Disease Society Supports Raising the Minimum Age The Canadian Cancer Societyâ says itâ supports setting a government smoking age of 21. Burglarize Cunningham, a senior arrangement expert with the general public, says he thinks raising the smoking age is a certainty and refers to a recent report by the US National Institute of Medicine, which proposes that raising the legitimate smoking age to 21 could drop the smoking rate by about 12 percent and in the end diminish smoking-related passings by 10 percent. Study Shows Drop in Smokers In the primary quarter of 2017, the national gathering Physicians for a Smoke-Free Canada (PSC) discharged its wellbeing review on 2000â€2014 tobacco use in Canada. During this period, there was a general 1.1 million drop in the quantity of Canadianâ smokers, whileâ the number of smokers ages 15 to 19 additionally dropped however stayed considerable. The level of Canadians who smoked fell by one-quarter, from 26% of Canadians matured 12 or more established to 19%. Over theâ 2000â€2014 study period, theâ majority of individuals ages 20 to 29 who have ever smoked revealed smoking their first cigarette between the age of 15 and 19, while the level of the individuals who announced their first cigarette beyond 20 7 years old somewhat from 7 percent to 12 percent.

The Thirteenth Tale Book Club Discussion Questions

'The Thirteenth Tale' Book Club Discussion Questions The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield is a rich anecdote about insider facts, apparitions, winter, books and family. These book club conversation inquiries on The Thirteenth Tale will assist you with investigating Setterfields stunningly made story. Spoiler Warning: These book club conversation questions uncover significant insights concerning The Thirteenth Tale by Diane Setterfield. Finish the book before perusing on. Books assume a significant job in The Thirteenth Tale. Talk about Margaret and Miss Winters connections to books and stories. Might you be able to identify with them? What is your relationship to books? Do you concur with Miss Winter that accounts can uncover truth better than essentially expressing it?The two houses in The Thirteenth TaleAngelfield and Miss Winters estateare unmistakable in the story. How do the houses mirror the characters who live in them? What do you think they represent?Why do you think Margaret obeyed Miss Winters summons?Miss Winter inquires as to whether she might want to hear an apparition story. Who are the phantoms in the story? In what ways are various characters frequented (Margaret, Miss Winter, Aurelius)?Why do you think Margarets sisters passing influenced her so significantly? For what reason do you think she had the option to move past it toward the finish of the novel?After Mrs. Dunne and John Digence pass on, Miss Winter says the young lady in the fog develops. Did you accept that Adeline had developed? If not, did you presume the genuine personality of the character? When did you first presume Miss Winters genuine personality? Is it accurate to say that you were astounded? Thinking back, what pieces of information did she give you?Do you think Adeline or Emmeline was spared from the fire?What is the importance of Jane Eyre to the story?Do you think it is more earnestly to leave well enough alone or admit the total truth?Were you happy with the manner in which the story finished for different charactersAurelius, Hester, Margaret?Rate The Thirteenth Tale on a size of 1 to 5.

Key Lessons from the Gettier Paper

The Gettier paper is a conversation of information and its relationship with genuine conviction. The paper has a few key exercises that show that reality with regards to information ought not be founded on evident conviction alone.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Key Lessons from the Gettier Paper explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper takes a gander at three distinct ideas that one may consider when attempting to demonstrate that the information they have is valid. Gettier contends that all the three ideas that individuals use to show that the information they have is genuine are in reality exceptionally off-base. The principal key exercise that one gets from the paper is that one can know something and trust it as evident when it really isn't accurate. This originates from the way that some information that individuals get are false. Gettier gives the case of S and P, while S is an individual and P is a suggestion. Gettier contends that there are three things identified with information that one needs to consider if S knows P. He clarifies further that on the off chance that S knows P, at that point P is valid. The subsequent thought is that in the event that S knows P, at that point S accepts that P is valid. The last thought is that in the event that S knows P, at that point S is legitimized in trusting P. A model that can be refered to for this is if John, who is a youngster, has consistently been informed that children originate from paradise, this is the information that he accepts is valid. He may likewise accept that this information is genuine on the grounds that he realizes it is valid. John is likewise legitimized in accepting that kids originate from paradise since he was informed that it is valid. In spite of this, the information itself is in reality bogus. Gettier contends that it is highly unlikely of knowing reality of the bit of information until the information is tried. The second exercise from the Gettier paper is that one may accept that some information is genuine dependent on some proof that they have. Gettier clarifies that despite the fact that one may have some proof that can make a suggestion valid, it could even now be false.Advertising Looking for article on theory? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He clarifies this idea with the case of John and Smith. John accepts that Smith has a Ford. This depends on the proof that John has seen Smith driving a Ford on numerous events, or possibly Smith has given John a ride in the Ford. Regardless of this solid proof, Gettier clarifies that the suggestion that Smith claims a Ford can be bogus in light of the fact that Smith may have leased the vehicle, in this way the vehicle isn't his own. A third exercise that can be concluded from the Gettier paper is that of epistemic karma. He clarifies that there are times when one thinks something, utilizing the proof they have a nd despite the fact that they may not so much know it, what they accept may really be valid. For instance, if a man who perpetrated a wrongdoing was to escape from jail and the police approach his better half for his whereabouts, the spouse would give them a rundown of spots she figures he may have gone. Obscure to the spouse of the convict, one of the spots where she referenced ends up being the specific spot where the criminal is. These exercises that Gettier gives show that information ought not be founded on reasonable genuine conviction alone. He contends that there are times when this conviction may give genuine information; in any case, the odds for this are negligible. This is the thing that he calls the epistemic karma. The Problem of the Criterion The Problem of the Criterion can be basically characterized as a trouble in characterizing information. The Problem of the Criterion comes about in light of the fact that it is illogical to guarantee that one knows the attributes and components of recognizing genuine information when they can't characterize information itself. There are two primary components that one needs to consider while talking about the Problem of the Criterion. The principal issue is that occurrences of information can be recognized just if the included knows the measures for distinguishing genuine information. The subsequent issue is that the standards of distinguishing genuine information must be acknowledged by recognizing the occurrences of genuine information. This turmoil is the thing that causes the Problem of the Criterion.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Key Lessons from the Gettier Paper explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Problem of the Criterion goes connected at the hip with Gettier’s contention that information can't be founded on obvious conviction alone. In the event that, for instance, the electric chime in a school was to ring once at 12:30 PM consistently, at tha t point numerous understudies and instructors the same will realize that it is 12:30 PM each time the ringer rings. The electric ringer is typically set with a clock. On the off chance that, for instance, the clock was to stop at 12:30 PM on Monday and the chime rings at that specific time on Tuesday, at that point the understudies and the educators would realize that it is right. In any case, the chime could likewise ring at 11 or at 2 because of brokenness. Everybody, accidentally, will accept that it is 12:30 PM. They will possibly understand that the chime is defective on the off chance that one checks their watch, or if the ringer rings twice around the same time. With respect to the Problem of the Criterion, the above model shows that it is outlandish for anybody to guarantee that the ringer is defective in the event that it rings at precisely 12:30 PM, despite the fact that it had halted. It is just conceivable to state the chime is broken on the off chance that it rings prio r or later than expected and somebody checks an alternate watch. The main situation where the chime is flawed and somebody puts together it with respect to their instinct is a case of knowing the examples of information without knowing the models of information. The second piece of the model where one checks an alternate clock to affirm the time is a case of knowing the rules of information so as to know the cases of information. It is a lot simpler for somebody to accept the second piece of the model where one checks an alternate clock to know the time than for one to accept the initial segment of the model where one uses instinct. Methodism and Particularism are two of the arrangements that are given in managing the Problem of the Criterion. Methodism is the suspicion that one definitely knows the rules of information, in this manner they can recognize the occasions of information. Particularism, then again, is the supposition that one would already be able to distinguish the occu rrences of information, in this way they can clarify the standards they used to recognize the examples of information. The two arrangements have their favorable circumstances and disadvantages.Advertising Searching for article on reasoning? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More One disservice of Methodism is that it is almost difficult to clarify the rules of information without expressing the occurrences of information. An impediment of Particularism is that one needs to characterize information to distinguish the occasions of information, and this is a piece of the Problem of the Criterion. This article on Key Lessons from the Gettier Paper was composed and put together by client Danny Garrett to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Free Essays on Eminem And Influence

I plan on inquiring about the impacts of rap on today’s youth. As Glenn Collins clarifies, â€Å"the impact of rap is currently obvious in the nation’s language, music, design and advertising† (C15). I additionally plan on examining the impacts of good clean verses that Will Smith utilizes, contrasted with the disgusting and rough verses of past rap specialists, for example, Tupac Shakur and Chris Wallace a.k.a. Infamous BIG. I got mindful of this point since I tune in to rap music. I own 20 rap CD’s. I got worried about rap verses awful impact when Tupac Shakur and Notorious BIG were killed in the 1990’s. Will Smith is likewise my preferred rap craftsman, since he doesn't utilize irreverence and savagery in his verses. As per Smith, â€Å"Good rap doesn't need to be vulgar† (qtd. in â€Å"Fresh Prince† 17A). I am likewise keen on learning the impacts of unclean rap verses on today’s youth. There should be further examination on this, since this significant subject appears to have some how blurred in the course of the last five to ten years. As per Terry Teachout, â€Å"the genuine substance of rap, no one discussions about it much any longer it appears to be far, far longer then seven years back that Bill Clinton made political feed by assaulting Sister Souljah-and it likely could be that the sickening abundances of criminal rap have become as untrendy as Austin Power’s wardrobe† (14). We have to check whether rap verses are in certainty influencing our childhood and how rap craftsmen like Will Smith, can be a decent good example. â€Å"And similar individuals who go out and state rap is negative, they don’t come and take a gander at a portion of the great gatherings that are out there, who are doing positive things† (Williams C1). Will Smith is about the main rap craftsman not utilizing irreverence in his rap verses. Is Will Smith having an effect on today’s youth with his perfect verses? The enormous â€Å"in† thing twenty or thirty years prior was rock and roll. By what method will individuals recollect rap quite a while from now? ... Free Essays on Eminem And Influence Free Essays on Eminem And Influence I plan on looking into the impacts of rap on today’s youth. As Glenn Collins clarifies, â€Å"the impact of rap is currently obvious in the nation’s language, music, design and advertising† (C15). I additionally plan on examining the impacts of good clean verses that Will Smith utilizes, contrasted with the indecent and savage verses of past rap craftsmen, for example, Tupac Shakur and Chris Wallace a.k.a. Famous BIG. I got mindful of this point since I tune in to rap music. I own 20 rap CD’s. I got worried about rap verses awful impact when Tupac Shakur and Notorious BIG were killed in the 1990’s. Will Smith is additionally my preferred rap craftsman, since he doesn't utilize obscenity and brutality in his verses. As per Smith, â€Å"Good rap doesn't need to be vulgar† (qtd. in â€Å"Fresh Prince† 17A). I am additionally keen on learning the impacts of unclean rap verses on today’s youth. There should be further examination on this, since this significant subject appears to have some how blurred in the course of the last five to ten years. As indicated by Terry Teachout, â€Å"the genuine substance of rap, no one discussions about it much any longer it appears to be far, far longer then seven years back that Bill Clinton made political roughage by assaulting Sister Souljah-and it likely could be that the sickening overabundances of hoodlum rap have become as untrendy as Austin Power’s wardrobe† (14). We have to check whether rap verses are in actuality influencing our childhood and how rap craftsmen like Will Smith, can be a decent good example. â€Å"And similar individuals who go out and state rap is negative, they don’t come and take a gander at a portion of the great gatherings that are out there, who are doing positive things† (Williams C1). Will Smith is about the main rap craftsman not utilizing obscenity in his rap verses. Is Will Smith having an effect on today’s youth with his perfect verses? The huge â€Å"in† thing twenty or thirty years prior was rock and roll. By what means will individuals recall rap quite a while from now? ...

Fun House is Not a Home - Literature Essay Samples

Fun Home is an autobiographical graphic novel by American author and cartoonist Alison Bechdel. It follows the story of her maturation, growing up in Pennsylvania, moving out of the house, and coming to terms with her sexuality. In the process, she discovers some surprising secrets that her family had been hiding from everyone, including each other. Bechdel uses this piece to argue that the structure of the home is a reflection of the family and a way for the family unit to express itself. This particular family uses their home to hide and to create a facade that disguises their problems from the rest of the world. The decision to tell this story as a graphic novel helps to paint a more complete picture for it’s audience. Bechdel recreates photographs, and entire locations, refers to old diary entries, she even mimics her former handwriting and the wallpaper of her childhood home. She goes as far as to imitate her father’s penmanship, which she calls, â€Å"one of the crazier rabbit holes [she] went down on this project (Chute).† She goes to some extreme lengths to preserve the authenticity of the graphic novel and the accuracy of this retelling seems to be of grave importance to Bechdel. However, she is looking at her childhood through adult lenses, which inadvertently changes the way she sees things. Bechdel even calls Fun Home a â€Å"revision† of her history (Tison). While all her reference material adds credibility to her story, the memories may not be completely accurate and could have warped and shifted over time. In general, a house is a reflection of its residents. From the architecture to the accessories, one can tell a lot about the family that lives in it. Architect Lindsay Daniel says, â€Å"there is an intimate relationship between your visual taste and your values.† Suggesting that we can learn something about a person by the way they keep their space. Perhaps subconsciously, we judge each other quickly, with what little knowledge we have of them, before figuring them out and learning anything deeper. We look at the way they dress, the way they keep their car, the organization of their work and that snap judgment can also extend to residencies. Even different building materials can evoke different feelings. Carlos Raul Villanueva, a famous Venezuelan architect, makes an example out of concrete and calls it a, â€Å"symbol of the construction progress of a whole century, submissive and strong as an elephant, monumental like stone, humble like brick.† Something as simple as the building material can speak for the house and sends a message about the people living inside without even making mention of its contents. Bechdel makes reference, more than once, to her father’s specificity and high expectations for their house’s upkeep. Bruce Bechdel carefully selects each piece in the house and takes good care of them. He has a passion and an eye for design that he extends not only to his own house but to the houses he restores as well, which are a hobby and an outlet for him. He also employs his children to help take care of the house. In chapter one, while doing chores, Bechdel says, â€Å"I grew to resent the way my father treated his furniture like children and his children like furniture (Bechdel).† It’s not typical of a child to enjoy doing chores but it seems that Bruce takes these tasks to the extreme, expecting every aspect of the house stay perfectly tidy and, it seems to Alison, that this tidiness is at the expense of his kids. If the home is a reflection of the family living inside it, then it’s clearly important to Bruce that he and his family are perce ived to be put-together and nearly perfect. This overcompensation may stem from Bruce’s secret of being a closeted homosexual and his desire to keep that information private. He wants to create the impression that he and his family are perfect by making his house perfect. Bechdel makes many allusions to other famous works throughout this story. She does this to help the audience better understand her history and her childhood through works with which the audience may already be familiar. Bechdel may also reference these materials not only for the reader’s benefit but because they help Bechdel herself better understand her existence, her family, and her relationships. Time and time again, she compares events in her life to those of Greek tragedies. However, one reference that particularly stands out is the comparison of Bechdel’s family to the Addams family. She points out her mother’s likeness to Morticia, the way a bat occasionally flies into their home, and the similarities in the family businesses. The most significant comparison Bechdel makes is their homes. In chapter two, Bechdel writes about her Addams Family comics saying, â€Å"the captions illuded me, as did the ironic reversal of suburban conformity here were the famil iar dark, lofty ceilings, peeling wallpaper, and menacing horsehair furnishings of my own home (Bechdel).† In this passage, Bechdel acknowledges that her family is unusual and nontraditional without saying so. She goes a roundabout way by implying the Addams Family is nonconformist and her family is like the Addams Family. She does this again when she compares her features to those of Wednesday Addams in the form of two side-by-side pictures, even acknowledging they have the same lamp, which in this case is a form of self-expression. She then describes Wednesday as a â€Å"worried girl.† Bechdel is using Wednesday as a catalyst to express her own feelings and the Addams Family in general as a stand-in for her own. Additionally, the Addams Family is a somewhat autobiographical story of the creator’s, Charles Addams’s, own family, which may serve as inspiration for Bechdel to turn her own life into a cartoon. The title of Fun Home comes from the nickname the Bechdel family has given to their family funeral business. However, it could also be a reference to a fun house, as in an amusing room of trick mirrors and slanted floors, usually found at an amusement park. The mirrors that are featured in fun houses don’t show a perfect reflection of how things are, they instead show twisted and warped interpretations of a subject, making them appear fat or short or upside down. Bechdel depicts mirrors in many of her illustrations throughout Fun Home, but only in stories of her childhood. Mirrors are featured prominently in her childhood house. Bruce and Helen Bechdel try to keep up a perfect image of their family and of their home but things are not at all what they seem from the outside. When looking into their seemingly perfect lives, what is reflected is a carefully crafted version of how they want to be perceived. In addition, telling this story many years removed from the actual events makes things from the past look different, warped and misshapen over time, likely resulting in a false retelling. The artist Lydia Davis, calls this â€Å"autofictionalography,† coining a term for the blurry and creative space between fiction and recollection (Freedman).† In Fun Home, Alison Bechdel uses her childhood home as the backdrop for her story about growing up. It’s unclear whether or not the house really has the same details and energy that Bechdel writes about or if her memories have changed due to her new knowledge and understanding of her family in her adult years. Memories change over time but Bechdel keeps it as accurate as she can by calling on family photographs, handwriting samples, and actual journal entries from her childhood. Regardless of the accuracy of her house, a home can say a lot about the family living inside and the Bechdel’s home says they are perfect, while in reality, they’re full of shame and have something to hide. The house serves as a representation of the family and highlights all the things they are hoping to disguise.

Community and Environmental Healthcare - 550 Words

Community and Environmental Healthcare (Research Paper Sample) Content: Infectious Disease Trends Name Institution Instructor Date Introduction Infectious diseases are the conditions that are caused by living organisms such as viruses, fungi, parasites, and bacteria. Some of the actions of the bacteria and viruses are beneficial to the body. However, at specific conditions, the presence and action of these organisms in the bodies may cause diseases. Understanding diseases present within the community allows public health nurses to prioritize health promotion and disease prevention strategies. The writer will evaluate the infectious diseases in the lens of the epidemiology, outbreak, incidence, and prevalence. The author will define the role of the nursing community in the epidemiology of the infectious conditions. The writer will evaluate the infectious diseases locally, statewide, and nationally. The paper will evaluate the most current infectious diseases according to the healthy people 2020 and evaluate the evidence-based practices of reducing the infectious diseases. Definition of epidemiology, outbreak, incidence, and prevalence The most infectious disease as have been indicated by the World Health infection are African Trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness), with the occurrence being about 450, 000 cases annually. The condition is most prevalent in Africa and some parts of Asia and is spread by tsetse fly. The second prevalent infectious diseases are cholera that is spread by contaminated water and unclean sanitary conditions. The condition is most prevalent in India, some parts of Russia, and in the sub-Saharan Africa. The third leading infectious disease in the United States and in the globe is Cryptosporidiosis. The condition is waterborne and is spread by contaminated water from the source, usually by the feces of infected humans and animals. The fourth infectious disease is Dengue that is spread by the bite if a specific breed of the mosquito. According to the WHO, 50 million cases of the fever are reported annually. The fifth infectious disease prevalent in the US and the globe is the three types of Hepa titis. The conditions are infections of the liver that are caused by the hepatitis virus. The three categories of condition include hepatitis A, B, and C. The three conditions have more than 500 million reported cases with the 350 million cases of the hepatitis A being unable to rid themselves of the condition completely. The conditions are prevalent in the US and in the entire globe (Infoplease.com, 2016). The role of nursing within epidemiology The nursing community plays a critical role in the prevention of the occurrence of the infectious diseases. The community nurses work in collaboration with the public to ensure the health of the environment and eliminate the chances of the development of the unclean condition that fosters development of the diseases. The community nurses work in collaboration with the members of the community and the healthcare providers in managing, treating, and controlling the spread of the diseases. The nursing community identifies the incidences and work in collaboration with the other medical providers and the public to set up quarantines in the event of outbreaks. The nurses educate and create awareness to the community on the observation of the best hygiene and living conditions to eliminate the incidences of the infectious diseases (Bauer, Hall Sato,ÂÂ  2013). Current infectious diseases locally, statewide, and nationally The most prevalent infectious diseases in the US include the three types of Hepatitis, Dengue, Malaria, and Cryptosporidiosis. The three types of Hepatitis are significantly prevalent in the US with the estimated more than 20 million new cases reported each year. Hepatitis A is the most common and serious case of the three types and contributes larger portion of the hepatitis cases than the other two types combined. Cryptosporidiosis is among the leading infectious condition at the state level with about 3.6 million cases reported each year. Dengue is also a leading infectious condition in the US. The condition has about 4 million new cases reported annually. Malaria that is spread by the mosquitoes is also among the leading infectious conditions in the US with the annual reported cases estimated to be 23.5 million (Health.ri.gov, 2016). Three of the most current infectious diseases with Healthy People 2020 objective The three leading infectious diseases accordi...

Analysis Of George Orwells The Green Arrow

The person I chose for this paper is Oliver Queen. He is also known as Green Arrow, and is a character in the DC Comics franchise. Oliver’s alter-ego, Green Arrow, rose to popularity recently with the television show Arrow that premiered on television in 2012. I chose Oliver because he is a fascinating character, and is much more than the millionaire playboy that people only know him as in his universe. Oliver is smart, caring, and has suffered a lot in his life. Based on the diagnosis standards of the DSM-5, my primary diagnosis for Oliver would be posttraumatic stress disorder, with a secondary diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Oliver has a lot to discover about his past and hopefully this will give insight to his character.†¦show more content†¦(â€Å"Lone Gunmen†, 2012) Symptoms Among the symptoms in the DSM-5 for posttraumatic stress disorder, Oliver displays most (if not) all of them. He frequently has flashbacks to his time on the island, which show him in a various situation that is traumatic in nature. Oliver also consistently has nightmares, this symptom being defined by the American Psychological Association (2014) as: â€Å"Recurrent distressing dreams in which the content and/or effect of the dream are related to the traumatic event(s).† Oliver has other characteristics that would support this hypothesis. He tends to avoid any topics that would be discussing his time on Lian Yu, or anything else that would remind him of the traumatic events that have occurred in his life. This would be explained as avoidance or attempting to avoid activities, places, or anything else that reminded one of their trauma (American Psychological Association, 2014). Once returning from the island, Oliver becomes withdrawn from his family and friends and does not se em eager to be around people, displaying the symptom of â€Å"socially withdrawn behavior†. (American Psychological Association, 2014). Oliver’s responses to his trauma have been showing themselves since the first episode, titled â€Å"Pilot† (2012). In this episode, he experiences a nightmare and almost kills his mother when she tries